{"id":7961,"date":"2021-10-18T14:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-10-18T14:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bezpecnenanete.eset.com\/sk\/?p=7961"},"modified":"2021-10-20T11:54:41","modified_gmt":"2021-10-20T11:54:41","slug":"co-vsetko-utocnici-robia-pri-kybersikanovani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bezpecnenanete.eset.com\/sk\/pre-ucitelov\/co-vsetko-utocnici-robia-pri-kybersikanovani\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010co v\u0161etko \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci robia pri kyber\u0161ikanovan\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"ako<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Tento \u010dl\u00e1nok je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou Pr\u00edru\u010dky o digit\u00e1lnej bezpe\u010dnosti pre u\u010dite\u013eov 1. a 2. stup\u0148a z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch \u0161k\u00f4l. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pri kyber\u0161ikanovan\u00ed chce agresor docieli\u0165 prevahu nad obe\u0165ou (aj opakovane), na \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 viacer\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby ubli\u017eovania:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Provokuje obe\u0165 spr\u00e1vami a pr\u00edspevkami, <\/strong>ktor\u00e9 obsahuj\u00fa ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00fd, nepravdiv\u00fd, neakceptovate\u013en\u00fd a\/alebo vulg\u00e1rny text. Povaha aj obsah t\u00fdchto spr\u00e1v p\u00fata pozornos\u0165 obete, ktor\u00e1 s nimi nes\u00fahlas\u00ed a nevie ich bra\u0165 na \u013eahk\u00fa v\u00e1hu. T\u00fdm \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk v\u0165ahuje obe\u0165 do nekorektn\u00e9ho dial\u00f3gu a opakovane dokazuje svoju moc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zastra\u0161uje a vydiera obe\u0165,<\/strong> napr\u00edklad tak, \u017ee sa nab\u00fara do jej profilu na soci\u00e1lnej sieti, zmen\u00ed heslo a profil n\u00e1sledne zneu\u017eije. M\u00f4\u017ee napr\u00edklad upravova\u0165 p\u00f4vodn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy, komunikova\u0165 s kontaktmi v mene obete, zverej\u0148ova\u0165 nevhodn\u00e9 pr\u00edspevky po\u0161kodzuj\u00face obe\u0165 a jej zn\u00e1mych. Takto \u201eukradnut\u00fd profil\u201c agresorovi sl\u00fa\u017ei ako n\u00e1stroj na n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 manipulovanie a vydieranie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Poni\u017euje a zosmie\u0161\u0148uje obe\u0165 <\/strong>pred okol\u00edm, napr\u00edklad na soci\u00e1lnych sie\u0165ach a v \u010detov\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O\u010dier\u0148uje \u010di ohov\u00e1ra obe\u0165,<\/strong> napr\u00edklad t\u00fdm, \u017ee \u0161\u00edri klebety a po\u0161kodzuj\u00face klamstv\u00e1 s cie\u013eom po\u0161kodi\u0165 dobr\u00e9 meno obete alebo jej vz\u0165ahy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vyd\u00e1va sa za in\u00fa osobu\/obe\u0165 <\/strong>(kradne jej identitu) a v jej mene ubli\u017euje obeti a okoliu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zverej\u0148uje na internete inform\u00e1cie zo s\u00fakromia a z int\u00edmnych situ\u00e1ci\u00ed obete (outing) <\/strong>bez s\u00fahlasu obete. Uniknut\u00fdmi inform\u00e1ciami m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 fotografie, obr\u00e1zky, vide\u00e1 int\u00edmneho charakteru, ktor\u00e9 obe\u0165 verejne kompromituj\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1merne vylu\u010duje obe\u0165 z online komunity, <\/strong>\u010di u\u017e na soci\u00e1lnych sie\u0165ach, v \u010detov\u00fdch miestnostiach alebo v diskusi\u00e1ch. Tak\u00e9to vyl\u00fa\u010denie zo skupiny sa nedeje postupne, ale je r\u00fdchle a v\u00fdrazn\u00e9, tak\u017ee je pre obe\u0165 nemo\u017en\u00e9 prehliadnu\u0165 ho a vyvol\u00e1va pocit izol\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ob\u0165a\u017euje a prenasleduje obe\u0165,<\/strong> \u010d\u00edm nar\u00fa\u0161a jej pocit bezpe\u010dia. Agresor obeti znepr\u00edjem\u0148uje \u017eivot zahlcuj\u00facimi interakciami, napr. spamovan\u00edm, opakovan\u00fdm posielan\u00edm fotografi\u00ed, spr\u00e1vami v \u010detoch, lajkmi a koment\u00e1rmi, prezv\u00e1\u0148an\u00edm. T\u00e1to pozornos\u0165 m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 obsahom pozit\u00edvna, ale jej intenzita je ob\u0165a\u017euj\u00faca. V niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 komunik\u00e1cia aj negat\u00edvna a po\u0161kodzuj\u00faca, m\u00f4\u017ee zah\u0155\u0148a\u0165 vyhr\u00e1\u017eanie sa ubl\u00ed\u017een\u00edm, falo\u0161n\u00e9 obvi\u0148ovanie, po\u0161kodzovanie d\u00e1t \u010di kr\u00e1de\u017e identity, prenasledovanie offline a monitorovanie po\u010d\u00edta\u010da obete a pod. Intenzita ob\u0165a\u017eovania sa obvykle stup\u0148uje a neprestane ani vtedy, ke\u010f je na to \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk vyzvan\u00fd alebo ke\u010f obe\u0165 zablokuje kontakty. Z prostredia online \u010dasto prech\u00e1dza aj do offline prostredia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010c\u00edm je kyber\u0161ikanovanie odli\u0161n\u00e9 od ubli\u017eovania tv\u00e1rou v tv\u00e1r?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pocit anonymity u agresorov uvo\u013e\u0148uje z\u00e1brany a sp\u00f4sobuje v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu krutos\u0165<\/span><\/strong>
V prostred\u00ed internetu sa \u010dlovek c\u00edti anonymn\u00fd, akoby sa kedyko\u013evek mohol vyd\u00e1va\u0165 za in\u00fa osobu a bol nepostihnute\u013en\u00fd. To \u010dloveka \u013eahko zbav\u00ed z\u00e1bran, a preto sa \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkmi m\u00f4\u017eu sta\u0165 aj \u013eudia, ktor\u00ed by tv\u00e1rou v tv\u00e1r nemali prevahu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kyber\u0161ikanovanie zastihne obe\u0165 kdeko\u013evek<\/span><\/strong>
K\u00fdm ubli\u017eovanie tv\u00e1rou v tv\u00e1r je viac-menej viazan\u00e9 na ur\u010dit\u00e9 miesta, a teda je viac predv\u00eddate\u013en\u00e9, pri kyber\u0161ikanovan\u00ed sa cez digit\u00e1lne n\u00e1stroje d\u00e1 ubl\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 hocikde, hocikedy a mnohon\u00e1sobne. Touto v\u0161adepr\u00edtomnos\u0165ou obe\u0165 prich\u00e1dza o ak\u00fdko\u013evek priestor bezpe\u010dia a pocit ohrozenia sa m\u00f4\u017ee roz\u0161\u00edri\u0165 aj na mnoh\u00e9 inak bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 oblasti, kde sa doty\u010dn\u00fd pohybuje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do kyber\u0161ikanovania sa m\u00f4\u017ee zapoji\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo agresorov<\/span><\/strong>
K\u00fdm offline \u0161ikanovanie m\u00e1 skupinu agresorov tam, kde sa doty\u010dn\u00ed stret\u00e1vaj\u00fa, na internete sa k akt\u00edvnemu ubli\u017eovaniu m\u00f4\u017ee prida\u0165 hocikto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Men\u00ed sa mno\u017estvo a povaha publika \u201esvedkov ubli\u017eovania\u201c<\/span><\/strong>
Publikum pri \u0161ikanovan\u00ed tv\u00e1rou v tv\u00e1r je obvykle jasn\u00e9: obe\u0165 vie, kto ho zbil alebo str\u00e1pnil, kto to videl, a kam asi sa m\u00f4\u017ee zahanbuj\u00faci ch\u00fdr dosta\u0165, napr. spolu\u017eiaci a \u017eiaci zo \u0161koly. Rozmery publika kyber\u0161ikanovania je nemo\u017en\u00e9 odhadn\u00fa\u0165, ke\u010f\u017ee obsah je mo\u017en\u00e9 uklada\u0165 do digit\u00e1lneho sveta a znovu preposiela\u0165. Obe\u0165 preto trp\u00ed neistotou, pred k\u00fdm v\u0161etk\u00fdm bol\/-a zahanben\u00fd\/-\u00e1, \u010do je psychicky devastuj\u00face a sp\u00f4sobuje po\u0161kodenie vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej miere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Skr\u00fdvanie sa za monitor \u010di displej posil\u0148uje \u201efenom\u00e9n soci\u00e1lneho zah\u00e1\u013eania\u201c. <\/strong>Publikum poci\u0165uje mal\u00fa zodpovednos\u0165 a tlak zakro\u010di\u0165 vo\u010di bezpr\u00e1viu. Svedkovia maj\u00fa pocit, \u017ee sa ich situ\u00e1cia osobne net\u00fdka a m\u00e1lokto sa zastane obeti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Agresora pri kyber\u0161ikanovan\u00ed je \u0165a\u017e\u0161ie identifikova\u0165, preto je ubli\u017eovanie n\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161ie st\u00edha\u0165<\/span><\/strong>
Pre komplikovan\u00e9 odhalenie identity agresorov kyber\u0161ikanovanie \u010dasto ost\u00e1va nedorie\u0161en\u00e9, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee prispieva\u0165 k tomu, \u017ee si jeho \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci nemusia uvedomova\u0165 n\u00e1sledky \u010di svoj podiel viny. To sa t\u00fdka tak agresorov, ako aj prihliadaj\u00facich, \u010di u\u017e ide o rovesn\u00edkov alebo o autority. Kyber\u0161ikanovanie sa navy\u0161e \u010dasto deje mimo priestorov \u0161koly. Pedag\u00f3govia a \u0161kolsk\u00ed psychol\u00f3govia tak poci\u0165uj\u00fa men\u0161\u00ed tlak zodpovednosti rie\u0161i\u0165 tieto incidenty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pre\u010do je potrebn\u00e9 vedie\u0165 o kyber\u0161ikanovan\u00ed a rie\u0161i\u0165 ho?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pod\u013ea viacer\u00fdch medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch v\u00fdskumov (HBSC, EUKO, TIMSS, GSHS a PISA) sa d\u00e1 tvrdi\u0165, \u017ee s kyber\u0161ikanovan\u00edm m\u00e1 sk\u00fasenos\u0165 pribli\u017ene ka\u017ed\u00e9 tretie die\u0165a. <\/strong>A jeho v\u00fdskyt neust\u00e1le rastie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nerie\u0161enie alebo nedostato\u010dn\u00e9 rie\u0161enie \u0161ikanovania nech\u00e1va \u0161kodliv\u00e9 stopy v identite obet\u00ed, agresorov aj prihliadaj\u00facich. Z\u00e1\u017eitok a vedomie moci \u010di bezmocnosti, legitimizovania n\u00e1silia a pasivity v medzi\u013eudsk\u00fdch vz\u0165ahoch zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa silno vryt\u00e9 do identity ka\u017ed\u00e9ho z nich, a\u017e k\u00fdm deti neza\u017eij\u00fa sk\u00fasenos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 tieto v\u00fdznamy \u201eoprav\u00ed\u201c. Tak\u00fdm opravn\u00fdm z\u00e1\u017eitkom je nastavenie hran\u00edc ubli\u017eovaniu, odhalenie \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkov, n\u00e1prava vz\u0165ahov medzi rovesn\u00edkmi, udobrenie sa, spravodlivos\u0165, odvaha zasta\u0165 sa slab\u0161ieho, kamar\u00e1tstvo a pod. O to sa maj\u00fa spolu s de\u0165mi postara\u0165 pr\u00e1ve dospel\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kyber\u0161ikanovanie je, rovnako ako fyzick\u00e9 \u010di psychick\u00e9 t\u00fdranie, poru\u0161ovan\u00edm pr\u00e1v die\u0165a\u0165a, preto je neakceptovate\u013en\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160ikanuj\u00fa \u010dastej\u0161ie chlapci alebo diev\u010dat\u00e1?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Uk\u00e1zalo sa<\/a>, \u017ee medzi \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkmi v \u0161ikanovan\u00ed preva\u017euj\u00fa chlapci nad diev\u010datami a tieto rodov\u00e9 rozdiely s\u00fa pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch vekov\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch det\u00ed a dospievaj\u00facich. Plat\u00ed to pre \u0161ikanovanie online aj offline.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rodov\u00e9 rozdiely v po\u010dte \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkov sa o nie\u010do zmen\u0161ia vo veku 11 \u2013 13 rokov, ke\u010f v \u010dase puberty aj diev\u010dat\u00e1 hor\u0161ie kontroluj\u00fa vlastn\u00e9 impulzy a dok\u00e1\u017eu rovesn\u00edkom tie\u017e zna\u010dne ubli\u017eova\u0165;<\/strong> z\u00e1rove\u0148 vtedy za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa vo ve\u013ekom vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 soci\u00e1lne siete, ktor\u00e9 poskytuj\u00fa priestor na kyber\u0161ikanovanie. St\u00e1le plat\u00ed, \u017ee \u010dastej\u0161ie ubli\u017euj\u00fa chlapci ako diev\u010dat\u00e1. Podobne ako medzi \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkmi, aj medzi obe\u0165ami n\u00e1jdeme viac chlapcov ako diev\u010dat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diev\u010dat\u00e1 s\u00fa naj\u010dastej\u0161ie obe\u0165ami kyber\u0161ikanovania vo veku 12 \u2013 17 rokov, ke\u010f s\u00fa akt\u00edvnej\u0161ie na soci\u00e1lnych sie\u0165ach.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zrejme t\u00fdm, \u017ee spolo\u010densk\u00e9 normy pr\u00edsnej\u0161ie odsudzuj\u00fa ubli\u017eovanie \u017een\u00e1m, ako aj \u017eensk\u00fa agresiu, diev\u010dat\u00e1 a mlad\u00e9 \u017eeny s\u00fa obe\u0165ami i \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkmi \u010dastej\u0161ie online ne\u017e offline, <\/strong>kde p\u00f4sob\u00ed strata z\u00e1bran a vn\u00edmanie noriem je oslaben\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Kompletn\u00fa verziu Pr\u00edru\u010dku o digit\u00e1lnej bezpe\u010dnosti pre u\u010dite\u013eov 1. a 2. stup\u0148a z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch \u0161k\u00f4l <\/span><\/strong>si m\u00f4\u017eete stiahnu\u0165 vo form\u00e1te pdf. na tomto odkaze. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Stiahnu\u0165 <\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tento \u010dl\u00e1nok je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou Pr\u00edru\u010dky o digit\u00e1lnej bezpe\u010dnosti pre u\u010dite\u013eov 1. a 2. stup\u0148a z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch \u0161k\u00f4l.  Pri kyber\u0161ikanovan\u00ed chce agresor docieli\u0165 prevahu nad obe\u0165ou (aj opakovane), na \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 viacer\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby ubli\u017eovania: Provokuje obe\u0165 spr\u00e1vami a pr\u00edspevkami, ktor\u00e9 obsahuj\u00fa ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00fd, nepravdiv\u00fd, neakceptovate\u013en\u00fd a\/alebo vulg\u00e1rny text. Povaha aj obsah t\u00fdchto spr\u00e1v p\u00fata pozornos\u0165 obete, ktor\u00e1 s nimi nes\u00fahlas\u00ed a nevie ich bra\u0165 na…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":7965,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[152,150],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7961","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kybersikanovanie","category-pre-ucitelov"],"yoast_head":"\n\u010co v\u0161etko \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci robia pri kyber\u0161ikanovan\u00ed? | ESET<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pri kyber\u0161ikanovan\u00ed chce agresor docieli\u0165 prevahu nad obe\u0165ou (aj opakovane), na \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 viacer\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby ubli\u017eovania.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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