{"id":6102,"date":"2020-11-01T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-11-01T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bezpecnenanete.eset.com\/sk\/?p=6102"},"modified":"2020-12-28T09:07:46","modified_gmt":"2020-12-28T09:07:46","slug":"co-by-malo-splnat-dobre-heslo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bezpecnenanete.eset.com\/sk\/it-bezpecnost\/co-by-malo-splnat-dobre-heslo\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010co by malo sp\u013a\u0148a\u0165 dobr\u00e9 heslo?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"Heslo<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Denne pou\u017e\u00edvame aj nieko\u013eko hesiel, v\u010faka ktor\u00fdm m\u00e1me pr\u00edstup do slu\u017eieb, ktor\u00e9 o n\u00e1s zhroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00fa mno\u017estvo inform\u00e1ci\u00ed. Heslo je jedn\u00fdm z najz\u00e1kladnej\u0161\u00edch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch opatren\u00ed. Av\u0161ak s ich rast\u00facim po\u010dtom a zlo\u017eitos\u0165ou je st\u00e1le n\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161ie ich bezpe\u010dne spravova\u0165, pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165, ale hlavne vytv\u00e1ra\u0165. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Autor: T\u00edm Bezpe\u010dne na nete<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Pod\u013ea Britsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho strediska pre kybernetick\u00fa bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 (NCSC) a\u017e 23,2 mili\u00f3na pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dtov<\/a> pou\u017e\u00edva ako svoje prihlasovacie heslo zoskupenie \u010d\u00edslic \u201e123456\u201c. Je teda jasn\u00e9, \u017ee \u013eudia nevenuj\u00fa dostato\u010dn\u00fa pozornos\u0165 zabezpe\u010deniu svojich \u00fa\u010dtov a mo\u017en\u00fdm hackersk\u00fdm \u00fatokom. Ako teda vytvori\u0165 dobr\u00e9 heslo? A existuje tak\u00e9 v\u00f4bec? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010co je to heslo?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Heslo je v podstate tajn\u00fd k\u00f3d, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 r\u00f4znu podobu: slovo, fr\u00e1za, \u010d\u00edslica, veta \u010di s\u00e9ria znakov. V kombin\u00e1cii s prihlasovac\u00edm menom sl\u00fa\u017ei na identifik\u00e1ciu pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea pri pr\u00edstupe do digit\u00e1lnych zariaden\u00ed<\/a>, slu\u017eieb<\/a> \u010di aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci m\u00f4\u017eu ukradn\u00fa\u0165 heslo?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

1. Sledovan\u00edm<\/strong> a nazeran\u00edm cez rameno svojej obete
2. Soci\u00e1lnym in\u017einierstvom <\/strong>prostredn\u00edctvom manipul\u00e1cie
3. \u0160kodliv\u00fdm k\u00f3dom, <\/strong>ktor\u00fd infikuje zariadenie obete a hesl\u00e1 vyh\u013ead\u00e1va alebo odchyt\u00e1va
4. \u00datokom na sie\u0165ov\u00fa komunik\u00e1ciu, <\/strong>napr\u00edklad odchyt\u00e1van\u00edm <\/strong>na verejnej Wi-Fi
5. H\u00e1dan\u00edm <\/strong>(tzv. brute force \u00fatok, resp. \u00fatok hrubou silou) pomocou be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch alebo prednastaven\u00fdch prihlasovac\u00edch hesiel \u010di zn\u00e1mych fr\u00e1z<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako vytvori\u0165 dobr\u00e9 heslo?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Vytv\u00e1ranie dobr\u00fdch hesiel sa m\u00f4\u017ee javi\u0165 ako pomerne n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 \u00faloha, obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 ke\u010f sa odpor\u00fa\u010da jedine\u010dn\u00e9 heslo pre ka\u017ed\u00fd online \u00fa\u010det. Dobr\u00e9 heslo by malo sp\u013a\u0148a\u0165 nasledovn\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heslo mus\u00ed by\u0165 tajn\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pou\u017e\u00edvatelia zvykn\u00fa svoje prihlasovacie \u00fadaje a hesl\u00e1 zdie\u013ea\u0165 so svojimi partnermi, pr\u00edpadne s rodinou. Sk\u00faste na tento zvyk zabudn\u00fa\u0165. Spr\u00e1vajte sa k svojim hesl\u00e1m zodpovednej\u0161ie, napr\u00edklad ako k va\u0161ej zubnej kefke. T\u00fa by ste tie\u017e s hocik\u00fdm nezdie\u013eali \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heslo mus\u00ed by\u0165 jedine\u010dn\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nepou\u017e\u00edvajte jedno heslo pre viacero \u00fa\u010dtov.<\/strong> D\u00f4vod je jednoduch\u00fd: ak niekto heslo ukradne, m\u00f4\u017ee z\u00edska\u0165 pr\u00edstup do viacer\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dtov \u010di zariaden\u00ed naraz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00edskajte aktu\u00e1lne inform\u00e1cie o bezpe\u010dnosti na internete. Prihl\u00e1ste sa na odber n\u00e1\u0161ho newslettra.<\/h3>
Ochrane s\u00fakromia<\/a>.<\/label>
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Heslo mus\u00ed by\u0165 zapam\u00e4tate\u013en\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aj ke\u010f by ide\u00e1lne heslo malo ma\u0165 aspo\u0148 16 znakov<\/strong>, vyhnite sa pr\u00edli\u0161 zlo\u017eit\u00fdm hesl\u00e1m a fr\u00e1zam, ktor\u00e9 sa \u0165a\u017eko pam\u00e4taj\u00fa. Tie m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 v skuto\u010dnosti kontraprodukt\u00edvne a v\u00e1\u0161 \u00fa\u010det tak bude menej bezpe\u010dn\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Komplikovan\u00e9 hesl\u00e1 toti\u017e \u010dasto ved\u00fa pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov k nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm n\u00e1vykom, ako je napr\u00edklad zapisovanie si hesiel na papierik, ukladanie do pozn\u00e1mok v mobile \u010di pou\u017e\u00edvanie rovnak\u00fdch hesiel naprie\u010d osobn\u00fdmi aj pracovn\u00fdmi \u00fa\u010dtami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky<\/h3>\n\n\n
<\/a><\/div>
Infografika: Ako vytvori\u0165 dobr\u00e9 heslo?<\/a><\/div><\/div>
<\/a><\/div>
\u010co je spr\u00e1vca hesiel a pre\u010do je u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fd?<\/a><\/div><\/div>
<\/a><\/div>
Moje heslo bolo prelomen\u00e9. Ako m\u00e1m postupova\u0165?<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

Heslo mus\u00ed by\u0165 zlo\u017eit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heslo by nemalo by\u0165 jednoduch\u00e9 \u010d\u00edseln\u00e9 poradie ako \u201e123456\u201c ani jednoduch\u00e9 slovo ako \u201eheslo\u201c. Pou\u017e\u00edvate heslo s viacer\u00fdmi znakmi, \u010d\u00edslicami \u010di rozdielnou ve\u013ekos\u0165ou p\u00edsma? \u00dato\u010dn\u00edci tieto zmeny jednotliv\u00fdch p\u00edsmen predpokladaj\u00fa<\/strong> a dok\u00e1\u017eu s nimi ve\u013emi \u013eahko pracova\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vytvorte si preto fr\u00e1zov\u00e9 heslo.<\/strong> M\u00f4\u017ee to by\u0165 konkr\u00e9tna fr\u00e1za, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 pre v\u00e1s nejak\u00fd v\u00fdznam, a pritom sa v\u00e1m \u013eahko pam\u00e4t\u00e1. Z\u00e1rove\u0148, aby ste zn\u00ed\u017eili \u0161ancu jej uh\u00e1dnutia, z\u00e1merne zame\u0148te poradie slov vo vete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vyhnite sa sl\u00e1vnym cit\u00e1tom, zau\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm frazeologizmom \u010di v\u00fdrokom, v\u010faka \u010domu sa vyvarujete \u201eslovn\u00edkov\u00fdm\u201c \u00fatokom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00edkladom dobrej bezpe\u010dnostnej fr\u00e1zy je \u201eTo \u010do zje\u0161, t8 ti u\u017e nikto nevezme<\/strong>\u201c, preto\u017ee sa sklad\u00e1 z 34 znakov, obsahuje medzery, \u010d\u00edslo, je \u013eahko zapam\u00e4tate\u013en\u00e1 a jedine\u010dn\u00e1 pre pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u010co m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e robi\u0165, ak m\u00e1 prive\u013ea hesiel a nedok\u00e1\u017ee si ich zapam\u00e4ta\u0165?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Jednoduch\u00fdm rie\u0161en\u00edm je spr\u00e1vca hesiel. M\u00f4\u017ee \u00eds\u0165 o samostatn\u00fa aplik\u00e1ciu, ale aj o funkcionalitu bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch rie\u0161en\u00ed<\/a>. Spr\u00e1vca hesiel dok\u00e1\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eovi ulo\u017ei\u0165 cel\u00e9 zoznamy hesiel a tak\u00fdto zoznam chr\u00e1ni nielen \u010fal\u0161\u00edm heslom, ale aj \u0161ifrovan\u00edm<\/a>. V\u010faka tomuto n\u00e1stroju hesiel budete potrebova\u0165 len jedin\u00e9 (hlavn\u00e9) heslo. Tie ostatn\u00e9 si u\u017e nemus\u00edte pam\u00e4ta\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nezab\u00fadajte na dvojfaktorov\u00fa autentifik\u00e1ciu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Uistite sa, \u017ee m\u00e1te vo va\u0161ich zariadeniach, aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch a in\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dtoch aktivovan\u00fa dvojfaktorov\u00fa autentifik\u00e1ciu. Dvojfaktorovka je dobr\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom prevencie pred pr\u00edpadn\u00fdmi \u00fatokmi. <\/strong>Tvor\u00ed \u010fal\u0161iu bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fa vrstvu a dnes ju u\u017e vyu\u017e\u00edva v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina slu\u017eieb na spr\u00e1vu hesiel, aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed<\/a> \u010di soci\u00e1lnych siet\u00ed<\/a>. T\u00e1to forma overenia m\u00f4\u017ee prebieha\u0165 viacer\u00fdmi sp\u00f4sobmi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vyu\u017eit\u00edm inej komunika\u010dnej cesty<\/strong> \u2013 napr\u00edklad zaslan\u00edm overuj\u00facej SMS spr\u00e1vy na mobil pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea. Tento variant nie je najbezpe\u010dnej\u0161\u00ed, ke\u010f\u017ee infikovan\u00fd mobil m\u00f4\u017ee tak\u00e9to SMS spr\u00e1vy preposiela\u0165 \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkovi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vyu\u017eit\u00edm in\u00fdch, vopred dohodnut\u00fdch k\u00f3dov<\/strong> \u2013 napr\u00edklad GRID karta obsahuj\u00faca tabu\u013eku k\u00f3dov, z ktorej sa vy\u017eaduje jeden n\u00e1hodne vybran\u00fd k\u00f3d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vyu\u017eit\u00edm \u0161peci\u00e1lnej aplik\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e1 vytv\u00e1ra \u010dasovo obmedzen\u00e9 k\u00f3dy<\/strong> \u2013 k\u00f3d je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 iba raz a po\u010das obmedzen\u00e9ho \u010dasov\u00e9ho obdobia, \u010do s\u0165a\u017euje mo\u017enos\u0165 \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkom zachyti\u0165 v\u00e1\u0161 k\u00f3d a pou\u017ei\u0165 ho na prihl\u00e1senie do v\u00e1\u0161ho \u00fa\u010dtu  pred skon\u010den\u00edm jeho platnosti bez v\u00e1\u0161ho vedomia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1ver<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ako sme u\u017e spomenuli, vytvorenie pr\u00edstupovej fr\u00e1zy je lep\u0161ie ako jednoduch\u00e9 heslo. Ni\u010d nepokaz\u00edte ani pridan\u00edm \u010fal\u0161ej vrstvy zabezpe\u010denia pomocou dvojfaktorovej autentifik\u00e1cie.<\/strong> Ak je pre v\u00e1s n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 zapam\u00e4ta\u0165 si v\u0161etky hesl\u00e1, ide\u00e1lnym rie\u0161en\u00edm by mohol by\u0165 spr\u00e1vca hesiel<\/strong>. Vytvorenie hesla sa m\u00f4\u017ee javi\u0165 ako n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 \u00faloha, ale ur\u010dite je jednoduch\u0161ia ako rie\u0161enie probl\u00e9mov, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu nasta\u0165 v d\u00f4sledku slab\u00e9ho zabezpe\u010denia va\u0161ich zariaden\u00ed, online \u00fa\u010dtov \u010di financi\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zdroj: WeLiveSecurity<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pou\u017e\u00edvatelia nevenuj\u00fa dostato\u010dn\u00fa pozornos\u0165 zabezpe\u010deniu svojich \u00fa\u010dtov a mo\u017en\u00fdm hackersk\u00fdm \u00fatokom. Ako teda vytvori\u0165 dobr\u00e9 heslo? A existuje tak\u00e9 v\u00f4bec? <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":6204,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[128,82],"tags":[97],"class_list":["post-6102","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-heslo","category-it-bezpecnost","tag-co-je-to"],"yoast_head":"\n\u010co by malo sp\u013a\u0148a\u0165 dobr\u00e9 heslo a existuje tak\u00e9? | ESET<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pou\u017e\u00edvatelia nevenuj\u00fa dostato\u010dn\u00fa pozornos\u0165 zabezpe\u010deniu svojich \u00fa\u010dtov. 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