{"id":5134,"date":"2020-06-16T11:49:50","date_gmt":"2020-06-16T11:49:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bezpecnenanete.eset.com\/sk\/?p=5134"},"modified":"2020-06-25T07:33:39","modified_gmt":"2020-06-25T07:33:39","slug":"psychologicka-radi-kedy-zacat-dieta-zoznamovat-s-modernymi-technologiami-a-kedy-mu-kupit-prvy-mobil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bezpecnenanete.eset.com\/sk\/it-bezpecnost\/psychologicka-radi-kedy-zacat-dieta-zoznamovat-s-modernymi-technologiami-a-kedy-mu-kupit-prvy-mobil\/","title":{"rendered":"Psychologi\u010dka rad\u00ed, kedy za\u010da\u0165 die\u0165a zoznamova\u0165 s modern\u00fdmi technol\u00f3giami a kedy mu k\u00fapi\u0165 prv\u00fd mobil"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"Deti<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Internet sa za\u010dal st\u00e1va\u0165 be\u017enou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed koncom 90tych rokov minul\u00e9ho storo\u010dia. Prv\u00fd iPhone bol predstaven\u00fd v roku 2007 a nav\u017edy zmenil vz\u0165ah be\u017en\u00fdch pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov k technol\u00f3gi\u00e1m. Dnes je aj pre mal\u00e9 deti prirodzen\u00e9 hra\u0165 sa s tabletom \u010di smartf\u00f3nom. Pre\u0161lo len p\u00e1r desiatok rokov od prv\u00fdch sk\u00fasenost\u00ed s po\u010d\u00edta\u010dom a\u017e po prienik technol\u00f3gi\u00ed do ka\u017edej oblasti \u017eivota. O tom, ak\u00fa \u00falohu by mali hra\u0165 v \u017eivotoch det\u00ed a kedy je vhodn\u00e9 s nimi oboznamova\u0165 deti, sme sa rozpr\u00e1vali s psychologi\u010dkou Jarmilou Tomkovou.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V rozhovore sa do\u010d\u00edtate:<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
  • Ako technol\u00f3gie ovplyvnili v\u00fdvin det\u00ed?<\/li>
  • Kedy je vhodn\u00e9 die\u0165a zoznamova\u0165 s technol\u00f3giami?<\/li>
  • Je rozdiel sledova\u0165 rozpr\u00e1vky v telev\u00edzi\u00ed a na mobile?<\/li>
  • Ako vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 technol\u00f3gie pri vzdel\u00e1van\u00ed det\u00ed?<\/li>
  • Kedy die\u0165a\u0165u zveri\u0165 svoj prv\u00fd telef\u00f3n?<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    <\/div>\n\n\n\n

    Ovplyvnili modern\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie psychiku \u010dloveka? Ak \u00e1no, ako?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ur\u010dite ovplyvnili. Na \u00favod by som chcela zd\u00f4razni\u0165, \u017ee technol\u00f3gie priniesli mno\u017estvo pozit\u00edv a dali n\u00e1m neuverite\u013en\u00e9 mo\u017enosti. N\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 na psychiku je v\u0161ak to, \u017ee s\u00fa dostupn\u00e9 nonstop. A to je v\u00fdzva, ktor\u00fa sa nedar\u00ed zvl\u00e1da\u0165 ani dospel\u00fdm. Vplyv sa teda prejavuje zahltenos\u0165ou, zr\u00fdchlen\u00fdm \u017eivotn\u00fdm tempom , \u010dlovek si neraz neuvedomuje, \u017ee multitaskuje a rob\u00ed viacero vec\u00ed naraz. T\u00fdm p\u00e1dom sme viac vyru\u0161ovan\u00ed a konkr\u00e9tnym aktivit\u00e1m venujeme menej plnej pozornosti. Je tam teda men\u0161ia bdelos\u0165, \u010do vpl\u00fdva na procesy u\u010denia, zapam\u00e4t\u00e1vania, ale aj vz\u0165ahov. To vid\u00edme na tom, ako \u013eahko sk\u013azne \u010dlovek hne\u010f ku kontrolovaniu mobiln\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed, aj ke\u010f je tv\u00e1rou v tv\u00e1r in\u00e9mu \u010dloveku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/div>\n\n\n\n

    Nech\u00e1vame sa pr\u00edli\u0161 \u010dasto vyru\u0161i\u0165 svetom technol\u00f3gi\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ve\u013ekou v\u00fdzvou je udr\u017ea\u0165 si balans medzi t\u00fdmito podnetmi a \u201eoffline\u201c aktivitami. Inak n\u00e1m t\u00fdch fyzick\u00fdch aktiv\u00edt ub\u00fada a ub\u00fada aj prirodzen\u00fd \u013eudsk\u00fd kontakt. Technol\u00f3gie ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa aj kult\u00faru rod\u00edn. Pre rodi\u010dov je v\u00fdzva, ak\u00fa \u00falohu technol\u00f3gi\u00e1m priradia vo v\u00fdchove a v rodinnom \u017eivote. Ak technologick\u00fd a medi\u00e1lny balans nemaj\u00fa pod kontrolou samotn\u00ed dospel\u00ed, tak to m\u00f4\u017eu len \u0165a\u017eko vedome a s primeran\u00fdmi hranicami pon\u00faka\u0165 de\u0165om.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/div>\n\n\n\n

    Dalo by sa poveda\u0165, \u017ee na tieto v\u00fdzvy nie sme evolu\u010dne dostato\u010dne prisp\u00f4soben\u00ed, ke\u010f\u017ee technol\u00f3gie s\u00fa tu s nami len nieko\u013eko desa\u0165ro\u010d\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Je to rozhodne z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e. Nenarodili sme sa s t\u00fdm, \u017ee si napr\u00edklad mobil budeme odklada\u0165 a nebudeme n\u00edm rozpty\u013eovan\u00ed. Treba si to pr\u00e1cne nastavi\u0165 a vedie\u0165 pracova\u0165 s vlastn\u00fdmi hranicami. Ak by som teda mala odpoveda\u0165 na ot\u00e1zku, \u010di sme na to evolu\u010dne vybaven\u00fd, tak sk\u00f4r nie sme. Preto \u010del\u00edme spom\u00ednan\u00fdm z\u00e1\u0165a\u017eiam. Je tu v\u0161ak aj n\u00e1dej, \u017ee si \u013eudia m\u00f4\u017eu z\u00edska\u0165 prax, len na tom treba pracova\u0165. Evol\u00facia n\u00e1s predsa v\u017edy n\u00fati v zmenen\u00fdch podmienkach prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 sa, aby sme pre\u017eili, a pr\u00e1ve to vynucuje rozvinutie nov\u00fdch a nov\u00fdch zru\u010dnost\u00ed. Teraz n\u00e1s doba n\u00fati nadob\u00fada\u0165 zru\u010dnosti ako zdravo zaobch\u00e1dza\u0165 s digit\u00e1lnymi n\u00e1strojmi, aby n\u00e1s nezni\u010dili, a teda ako spravi\u0165 psychiku odolnej\u0161ou technologick\u00e9mu pokroku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/div>\n\n\n\n

    Ako technol\u00f3gie zmenili deti a ich dospievanie?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Dne\u0161n\u00e9 deti sa u\u017e narodili do doby s technick\u00fdmi vymo\u017eenos\u0165ami. Ich vplyv na svoju psychiku a komunik\u00e1ciu si pravdepodobne neuvedomuj\u00fa, a\u017e k\u00fdm ich na to neupozornia rodi\u010dia. Je o to d\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie, aby ich procesom zoznamovania sa s technol\u00f3giami sprev\u00e1dzala nejak\u00e1 bl\u00edzka osoba \u2013 najm\u00e4 rodi\u010dia, ale napr\u00edklad aj u\u010dite\u013e alebo star\u0161\u00ed s\u00farodenec. Deti s\u00fa technicky prisp\u00f4sobivej\u0161ie a \u0161ikovnej\u0161ie, ale sami od seba nie s\u00fa pripraven\u00e9 bezpe\u010dne \u010deli\u0165 online  v\u00fdzvam a rizik\u00e1m, preto\u017ee s t\u00fdm sa \u010dlovek nenarod\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Rada pripom\u00ednam, \u017ee deti maj\u00fa st\u00e1le rovnak\u00e9 potreby. V\u0161etci sme vybaven\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdmi potrebami, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa prirodzen\u00e9 v danom v\u00fdvinovom obdob\u00ed. V rannom veku s\u00fa to najm\u00e4 bl\u00edzky a bezpe\u010dn\u00fd kontakt s rodi\u010dmi, vo\u013en\u00e1 hra, objavovanie sveta a sk\u00famanie. Toto by malo prebieha\u0165 v optim\u00e1lnom pr\u00edpade bez displejov. Hovor\u00edme o veku do pribli\u017ene do 3 rokov. Ak de\u0165om v tomto obdob\u00ed v mal\u00fdch mno\u017estv\u00e1ch displeje ne\u0161kodia, ani im nepom\u00e1haj\u00fa. Pre deti je to nadbyto\u010dn\u00e9. Digit\u00e1lne technol\u00f3gie v ruk\u00e1ch det\u00ed do 3 rokov s\u00fa sk\u00f4r pom\u00f4cka pre rodi\u010dov. Tak to je, i ke\u010f je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 si to prizna\u0165. A ke\u010f u\u017e raz rodi\u010d predstavil die\u0165a\u0165u tablet v 2 rokoch, samozrejme \u017ee si ho die\u0165a za\u010dne p\u00fdta\u0165, lebo tie podnety s\u00fa pre\u0148 akoby hypnotizuj\u00face. Ale bolo to v t\u00fdch dvoch rokoch nutn\u00e9?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/div>\n\n\n\n

    Deti teda nem\u00f4\u017eu porovn\u00e1va\u0165 \u017eivot s technol\u00f3giami a bez nich. Na rozdiel od rodi\u010dov, ktor\u00ed si m\u00f4\u017eu sk\u00f4r uvedomi\u0165, \u017ee nie\u010do nie je v poriadku.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Niekedy v\u0161ak b\u00fdva na \u0161kodu, ke\u010f rodi\u010dia porovn\u00e1vaj\u00fa gener\u00e1cie a hovoria o tom, ako oni chodili na \u201epreliezky\u201c. Sk\u00f4r je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, aby boli rodi\u010dia pre deti funk\u010dn\u00fdm vzorom a ukazovali im prevahu plnohodnotn\u00fdch z\u00e1\u017eitkov aj bez technol\u00f3gi\u00ed. Mali by to vyva\u017eova\u0165. Rodi\u010dia s\u00fa zodpovedn\u00ed za to, ak\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl svojim de\u0165om prezentuj\u00fa a ak\u00fd spolo\u010dne \u017eij\u00fa. Je preto dobr\u00e9, \u017ee si dne\u0161n\u00ed rodi\u010dia pam\u00e4taj\u00fa svet bez technol\u00f3gi\u00ed. Kto vie, ak\u00e9 to bude o gener\u00e1ciu nesk\u00f4r (smiech).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/div>\n\n\n\n

    Ako technol\u00f3gie ovplyvnili v\u00fdvin det\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Deti s\u00fa \u0161ikovn\u00fdmi multitaskermi. Ke\u010f u\u017e nar\u00e1baj\u00fa s technol\u00f3giami, vedia zru\u010dne k\u013aza\u0165 z jednej aktivity do druhej. \u010casto vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa multisenzorick\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje ako napr\u00edklad po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 hry. Pri striedmom pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed je to mo\u017eno aj v\u00fdhoda, \u017ee si tr\u00e9nuj\u00fa multitasking. Treba si v\u0161ak uvedomi\u0165, \u017ee pri tom pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa in\u00e9 centr\u00e1 v mozgu. Ke\u010f hr\u00e1te napr\u00edklad  MMORPG hru, kde \u010detujete, rozpr\u00e1vate a e\u0161te aj ovl\u00e1date postavi\u010dky, v\u0161etko sa deje r\u00fdchlo. Vtedy nejdete do h\u013abky a ste len v koordina\u010dnom centre mozgu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ke\u010f sa to rob\u00ed \u010dasto a nie len v hre, napr\u00edklad pri u\u010den\u00ed, men\u00ed sa aj sp\u00f4sob u\u010denia a deti si menej zapam\u00e4t\u00e1vaj\u00fa a \u010derpaj\u00fa menej z t\u00fdchto vedomost\u00ed. M\u00e1 to vplyv na ich zr\u00fdchlen\u00fd a nie d\u00f4sledn\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl u\u010denia Mozog vtedy nech\u00e1va \u00eds\u0165 ve\u013ea vec\u00ed akoby \u201ena automat\u201c. Ak je tento pr\u00edstup ve\u013emi hlboko v ich \u017eivotnom \u0161t\u00fdle, tak je die\u0165a nau\u010den\u00e9 \u00eds\u0165 aj v be\u017en\u00fdch \u010dinnostiach na automat, napr\u00edklad v komunik\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/div>\n\n\n\n

    Spom\u00ednali ste po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 hry. Stretol som sa s t\u00fdm, \u017ee hry, ale aj neust\u00e1le podnety z technol\u00f3gi\u00ed, m\u00f4\u017eu sp\u00f4sobova\u0165 poruchy pozornosti. Je toto klinicky dok\u00e1zan\u00e9?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Je potvrden\u00e9, \u017ee senzorick\u00e9 podnety vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161om mno\u017estve v rannom \u0161t\u00e1diu v\u00fdvinu die\u0165a\u0165a sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00fa z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e na nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m. M\u00f4\u017ee to zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 riziko rozvinutia neurologicky podlo\u017een\u00fdch \u0165a\u017ekost\u00ed, ako  hyperaktivita, nepozornos\u0165 \u010di impulzivita, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa charakteristick\u00e9 aj pre ADHD. Menej sa v\u0161ak hovor\u00ed o tom, \u017ee z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed aj na povahe digit\u00e1lnych podnetov, ich d\u00e1vkovan\u00ed a na\u010dasovan\u00ed v r\u00e1mci d\u0148a, ale aj na tom, \u010di je pri de\u0165och rodi\u010d a do akej miery je podnecovan\u00fd kognit\u00edvny v\u00fdvin die\u0165a\u0165a aj netechnologick\u00fdmi sp\u00f4sobmi. Toto s\u00fa faktory, ktor\u00e9 mieru dopadu technologickej z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee zni\u017euj\u00fa. Treba na to h\u013eadie\u0165 v\u017edy komplexne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/div>\n\n\n\n

    V debate o de\u0165och a technol\u00f3gi\u00e1ch sa stret\u00e1vaj\u00fa akoby dva protichodn\u00e9 poh\u013eady. Preva\u017euje asi n\u00e1zor, \u017ee technol\u00f3gie de\u0165om \u0161kodia. Na druhej strane sa ve\u013ea hovor\u00ed o interakt\u00edvnom vzdel\u00e1van\u00ed, \u010di digit\u00e1lnej inteligenci\u00ed. Ako zmieri\u0165 tieto dva poh\u013eady?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Nerada by som sa na t\u00fato problematiku pozerala \u010diernobielo. Bolo by nerozumn\u00e9 vn\u00edma\u0165 iba negat\u00edva, alebo iba pozit\u00edva. Obvykle id\u00fa ruka v ruke a preto je nutn\u00e9 vzdel\u00e1va\u0165 o tom, ako rizik\u00e1m efekt\u00edvne \u010deli\u0165. Pokia\u013e ide o vzdel\u00e1vanie, \u0161kola mus\u00ed reflektova\u0165 potreby det\u00ed v s\u00fa\u010dasnej spolo\u010dnosti. Dne\u0161n\u00e9 deti bud\u00fa technol\u00f3gie ur\u010dite vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 a nielen rodi\u010dia, ale i \u0161kola by ich na to mala pripravi\u0165. V tejto debate je podstatn\u00e9 sk\u00f4r to, akou formou, akou mierou a kedy maj\u00fa by\u0165 technol\u00f3gie pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 vo vzdel\u00e1van\u00ed. Deti vzdel\u00e1vame od rann\u00e9ho veku. Z\u00e1\u017eitkovo, spozn\u00e1van\u00edm, cez hru. V pred\u0161kolskom veku je to pod\u013ea m\u00f4jho n\u00e1zoru nadbyto\u010dn\u00e9 a deti sa z toho ve\u013ea nenau\u010dia. Respekt\u00edve nau\u010dia, ale iba v pr\u00edpade, \u017ee sa spolo\u010dne s nimi na t\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00e1ch u\u010d\u00ed rodi\u010d. V pred\u0161kolskom veku to nie je \u00faplne vhodn\u00e9 ani z neurologick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska. Ak sa preto rodi\u010d rozhodne, malo by to by\u0165 v mal\u00fdch mierach, do pribli\u017ene polhodiny a\u017e hodiny denne a malo by \u00eds\u0165 o vzdel\u00e1vaciu \u010di rozvojov\u00fa aktivitu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/div>\n\n\n\n

    Ak\u00e9 vzdel\u00e1vacie aktivity m\u00e1te na mysli? Asi nie rozpr\u00e1vky.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    S\u00fa r\u00f4zne aplik\u00e1cie, napr\u00edklad prira\u010fovanie farieb \u010di zvukov k zvieratk\u00e1m. Takto sa zam\u00fd\u0161\u013ea nad s\u00favislos\u0165ami. \u010eal\u0161\u00edmi pr\u00edkladmi s\u00fa postupnosti, hlavolamy, edukat\u00edvne hry, element\u00e1rne matematick\u00e9 \u00falohy a z\u00e1klady programovania. Ak chc\u00fa rodi\u010dia pusti\u0165 de\u0165om rozpr\u00e1vky, mali by prem\u00fd\u0161\u013ea\u0165 nad realistickos\u0165ou obrazu, prvkami agresie a na r\u00fdchlosti podnetov. Je lep\u0161ie zvoli\u0165 si rozpr\u00e1vky \u010do najbli\u017e\u0161ie povahe podnetov z re\u00e1lneho sveta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/div>\n\n\n\n

    Kedy za\u010da\u0165 so zoznamovan\u00edm det\u00ed s technol\u00f3giami?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Je dobr\u00e9, aby dial\u00f3g o bezpe\u010dnom vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed technol\u00f3gi\u00ed za\u010dal u\u017e v pred\u0161kolskom veku, okolo 5 roku, aby sa stal s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou otvorenej rodinnej komunik\u00e1cie. To vytv\u00e1ra nielen zru\u010dnosti, ale aj d\u00f4veru a spojenectvo v pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed technol\u00f3gi\u00ed. Die\u0165a sa n\u00e1sledne na rodi\u010da s v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou pravdepodobnos\u0165ou obr\u00e1ti ke\u010f bude ma\u0165 nejak\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Rozhoduj\u00faca je miera a povaha toho, \u010do de\u0165om v r\u00e1mci digit\u00e1lnych n\u00e1strojov dovol\u00edme. Je vhodn\u00e9 pozera\u0165 sa na to ako na rodinn\u00e9 vzdel\u00e1vanie o bezpe\u010dnosti a nie ako na pozeranie rozpr\u00e1vok na mobile. Rodi\u010dia maj\u00fa by\u0165 pri de\u0165och, komentova\u0165 a sprev\u00e1dza\u0165 t\u00fdm, \u010do robia, vysvet\u013eova\u0165 posolstv\u00e1, a aj to, pre\u010do digit\u00e1lne n\u00e1stroje pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 pr\u00e1ve tak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    To ist\u00e9 plat\u00ed aj o \u0161kolskom vzdel\u00e1van\u00ed. Je v poriadku, ke\u010f s\u00fa technol\u00f3gie v nejakej miere s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou vyu\u010dovania. Nemalo by to v\u0161ak skon\u010di\u0165 pri hran\u00ed sa na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di, ale pri dial\u00f3gu, z\u00e1\u017eitkovom objavovan\u00ed ako veci funguj\u00fa a sumarizovan\u00ed poznatkov spolu s dospel\u00fdmi, a\u017e po reflexiu, \u010do to znamen\u00e1 pre ich ka\u017edodenn\u00fd \u017eivot, kde poznatky vyu\u017eij\u00fa. Vzdel\u00e1vanie ku kritick\u00e9mu uva\u017eovaniu o m\u00e9di\u00e1ch m\u00e1 prebieha\u0165 u\u017e na z\u00e1kladnej \u0161kole. Ned\u00e1 sa to v\u0161ak robi\u0165 len z kni\u017eky, jednotliv\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie a str\u00e1nky si treba aj re\u00e1lne prejs\u0165 s de\u0165mi a sprev\u00e1dza\u0165 ich t\u00fdm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/div>\n\n\n\n

    Existuje medzi odborn\u00edkmi zhoda, ak\u00fd je na toto spr\u00e1vny vek? A spadaj\u00fa pod technol\u00f3gie aj interakt\u00edvne hra\u010dky?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Niekedy je u\u017e tablety vidie\u0165 upevnen\u00e9 na ko\u010d\u00edkoch, ako hypnotiz\u00e9r uti\u0161uj\u00fa die\u0165a. A aj ut\u00ed\u0161ia. Av\u0161ak je to ur\u010dite nevhodn\u00e9, z neurologick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska a tie\u017e preto, \u017ee si die\u0165a priskoro zvyk\u00e1 by\u0165 obklopen\u00e9 elektronick\u00fdmi podnetmi a do\u017eaduje sa digit\u00e1lneho n\u00e1stroja ako svojej hra\u010dky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Prospe\u0161n\u00e9 je v pred\u0161kolskom veku nepou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ve\u013ea technol\u00f3gi\u00ed, ani elektronick\u00fdch hra\u010diek ako rozpr\u00e1vaj\u00face b\u00e1biky a ps\u00edky. Toto m\u00e1 viac ne\u017eiaducich dopadov ako \u00fa\u017eitku. Interakt\u00edvne hra\u010dky s\u00fa predsa aj dreven\u00e9. Pre rozvoj kreativity a detsk\u00e9 pozn\u00e1vanie sveta plat\u00ed: \u010d\u00edm jednoduch\u0161ie hra\u010dky, t\u00fdm lep\u0161ie. Do 2 rokov je najlep\u0161ie sa technol\u00f3gi\u00e1m vyhn\u00fa\u0165, v\u00fdnimkou s\u00fa video hovory s bl\u00edzkymi. V 2 \u2013 3 rokoch by die\u0165a so zariaden\u00edm nemalo denne tr\u00e1vi\u0165 viac ako 15 min\u00fat a to len za pr\u00edtomnosti rodi\u010da. Pred\u0161kol\u00e1k vo veku 3-6 rokov by si mal vysta\u010di\u0165 s polhodinou a\u017e hodinou, tie\u017e len s rodi\u010dmi, a malo by \u00eds\u0165 z\u00e1rove\u0148 o zoznamovanie sa s ich bezpe\u010dn\u00fdm pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kvalitn\u00e9 veku primeran\u00e9 digit\u00e1lne obsahy s\u00fa, vo ve\u013emi mal\u00fdch d\u00e1vkach a v\u017edy s rodi\u010dom, povedzme \u017ee v poriadku od tretieho roka. Organizmus die\u0165a\u0165a to nejako zvl\u00e1dne, av\u0161ak v\u00fdvinovo z toho neprofituje, dokonca ani z tzv. edukat\u00edvnych hier. Naopak, ve\u013ea by sa nau\u010dilo, keby spozn\u00e1valo svet cez sklada\u010dky a hra\u010dky, \u010di aktivity v pr\u00edrode.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/div>\n\n\n\n

    Zoznamovanie sa s technol\u00f3giami v pred\u0161kolskom veku die\u0165a v princ\u00edpe nerozv\u00edja, iba ho pripravuje na neskor\u0161iu pr\u00e1cu s telef\u00f3nom?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Nejde iba o to, \u010di de\u0165om technol\u00f3gie \u0161kodia. Ide sk\u00f4r o to, \u017ee maj\u00fa lep\u0161ie alternat\u00edvy na rozvoj mimo displeja. Miera kvalitne str\u00e1ven\u00e9ho \u010dasu s rodi\u010dom a zaanga\u017eovanos\u0165 v offline hr\u00e1ch dokonca vpl\u00fdva na mieru negat\u00edvneho dopadu technol\u00f3gi\u00ed na mozog die\u0165a\u0165a. Die\u0165a, ktor\u00e9 m\u00e1 m\u00e1lo kontaktu s rodi\u010dmi a klasick\u00fdmi hrami, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 m\u00e1 pred sebou len digit\u00e1lny obsah, je viac ohrozen\u00e9. Aktivity offline akoby budovali lep\u0161iu odolnos\u0165 a kapacitu mozgu vyrovna\u0165 sa s neurologickou z\u00e1\u0165a\u017eou z displejov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/div>\n\n\n\n

    L\u00ed\u0161i sa nejak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom sledovanie rozpr\u00e1vok v telev\u00edzi\u00ed od sledovania rozpr\u00e1vok na tablete \u010di mobile?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Pri sledovan\u00ed rozpr\u00e1vok v telev\u00edzore ide \u010dasto o bdel\u00e9 a z\u00e1mern\u00e9 sledovanie. Je dobr\u00e9 vedie\u0165, kedy m\u00e1me v rodine ritu\u00e1l spa\u0165, jes\u0165, hra\u0165 sa doma, \u00eds\u0165 von, kedy \u010d\u00edta\u0165 rozpr\u00e1vky a kedy pozera\u0165 rozpr\u00e1vky. M\u00f4\u017ee to by\u0165 medzi ve\u010derou a sprchovan\u00edm die\u0165a\u0165a pred sp\u00e1nkom. Tam mu m\u00f4\u017eeme vytvori\u0165 svoju polhodinu pr\u00e1ve na rozpr\u00e1vky, na to sl\u00fa\u017ei aj Ve\u010dern\u00ed\u010dek. K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 je, \u017ee si rodi\u010d tento \u010das a objem pre die\u0165a vybral a nie je to v\u0161ade pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 a nutkav\u00e9. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, aby aj rodi\u010dia i\u0161li de\u0165om pr\u00edkladom a nevyu\u017e\u00edvali telev\u00edziu takpovediac ako \u201epodmaz\u201c. Malo by \u00eds\u0165 sk\u00f4r o uk\u00e1\u017eku striedmej\u0161ieho a bdel\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00fdlu rodiny. Z\u00e1kladom je teda nastavenie pravidiel, v ktorom \u010dase sa bude sledova\u0165 kvalitn\u00fd obsah, pri\u010dom die\u0165a by malo tento obsah sledova\u0165 s rodi\u010dom. To je alfa a omega. Nie tablet v ruke a n\u00e1sledne si die\u0165a re\u0165azovo pozer\u00e1 s\u00favisiace vide\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/div>\n\n\n\n

    Kedy je vhodn\u00fd vek na to, aby die\u0165a mohlo tablet \u010di telef\u00f3n pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 samostatnej\u0161ie?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Je to individu\u00e1lne, no panuje zhoda na tom, \u017ee by deti mali za\u010d\u00edna\u0165 s tla\u010didlov\u00fdm mobilom, ak sa bav\u00edme o vlastnen\u00ed mobilu. Na prvom stupni z\u00e1kladnej \u0161koly die\u0165a e\u0161te nevyu\u017eije naplno smartf\u00f3n. Zbyto\u010dne by ho rozpty\u013eoval a \u010delilo by prive\u013ea rizik\u00e1m. Hra\u0165 hry a pozrie\u0165 si vide\u00e1 si predsa m\u00f4\u017ee aj doma ke\u010f sa vr\u00e1ti zo \u0161koly. Preto na 1. stupni z\u00e1kladnej \u0161koly sta\u010d\u00ed oby\u010dajn\u00fd tla\u010didlov\u00fd telef\u00f3n bez internetu, aby sa die\u0165a nau\u010dilo telefonova\u0165, stara\u0165 sa o zariadenie, ned\u00e1va\u0165 osobn\u00e9 \u00fadaje hocikomu, netelefonova\u0165 po\u010das prech\u00e1dzania cez cestu a aby bolo v kontakte s \u013eu\u010fmi. N\u00e1stup prv\u00e1ka do \u0161koly by rozhodne nemal vyzera\u0165 tak, \u017ee \u201cnov\u00e1 ta\u0161ka na pleciach a v nej smartf\u00f3n po tatkovi\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/div>\n\n\n\n

    A \u010do na druhom stupni z\u00e1kladnej \u0161koly?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Deti sa u\u017e od vo veku 8-9 rokov za\u010dn\u00fa do\u017eadova\u0165 smartf\u00f3nov, ke\u010f\u017ee ich za\u010dn\u00fa ma\u0165 aj deti naokolo. V dne\u0161nej materialistickej dobe s\u00fa technol\u00f3gie vn\u00edman\u00e9 ako statusov\u00e9 symboly, \u010do \u017eia\u013e podporuj\u00fa aj rodi\u010dia vlastn\u00fdmi hodnotami a t\u00fdm, \u017ee d\u00e1vaj\u00fa smartf\u00f3ny do r\u00fak de\u0165om priskoro. To, \u017ee sa to st\u00e1va viac a viac normou, to vyv\u00edja tlak aj na deti a t\u00edned\u017eerov a chc\u00fa \u201cby\u0165 in\u201d.. Ja osobne odpor\u00fa\u010dam rodi\u010dom \u201eprvostupniarov\u201c nejak\u00fa dobu frustrova\u0165 a  vysvet\u013eova\u0165, pre\u010do to e\u0161te nie je dobr\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/div>\n\n\n\n

    Kedy im ho teda da\u0165 m\u00f4\u017eeme?<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Pribli\u017ene vo veku 10 a\u017e 11 rokov. Vtedy sa z v\u00fdvinov\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska u det\u00ed u\u017e vyv\u00edja zrel\u0161ie abstraktn\u00e9 myslenie a tak maj\u00fa potenci\u00e1l kritickej\u0161ie uva\u017eova\u0165 o m\u00e9di\u00e1ch a uplat\u0148ova\u0165 sebakontrolu. To v\u0161ak neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee m\u00e1 die\u0165a samo od seba v desiatich rokoch potrebn\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti a vie reagova\u0165 \u00faplne spr\u00e1vne na potenci\u00e1lne online rizik\u00e1. Rodi\u010dia a u\u010ditelia to potrebuj\u00fa deti nau\u010di\u0165 sk\u00f4r ne\u017e im daj\u00fa smartf\u00f3n k samostatn\u00e9mu pou\u017e\u00edvaniu a potom ich pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm \u010falej sprev\u00e1dza<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n\n\n\n

    PhDr. Jarmila Tomkov\u00e1
    Psychologi\u010dka, terapeutka a lektorka<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    Jarmila Tomkov\u00e1 je uzn\u00e1van\u00e1 slovensk\u00e1 psychologi\u010dka. Pracovala vo V\u00fdskumnom \u00fastave detskej psychol\u00f3gie a patopsychol\u00f3gie, kde viedla v\u00fdskumn\u00e9 t\u00edmy sk\u00famaj\u00face pr\u00edle\u017eitosti a rizik\u00e1 spojen\u00e9 s pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm internetu u det\u00ed. Pracovala aj ako \u0161kolsk\u00e1 psychologi\u010dka, kde navrhovala a realizovala nieko\u013eko rozvojov\u00fdch a prevent\u00edvnych programov, napr\u00edklad \u017diaci proti \u0161ikanovaniu. Zalo\u017eila a vedie ob\u010dianske zdru\u017eenie ViaSua, ktor\u00e9 sa venuje podpore du\u0161evn\u00e9ho zdravia a osobnostn\u00e9ho rastu jednotlivcov, rod\u00edn a spolo\u010dnosti v\u0161eobecne.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    O tom, ak\u00fa \u00falohu by mali hra\u0165 v \u017eivotoch det\u00ed a kedy je vhodn\u00e9 s nimi oboznamova\u0165 deti, sme sa rozpr\u00e1vali s psychologi\u010dkou Jarmilou Tomkovou.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":5145,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[120,82],"tags":[106],"class_list":["post-5134","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-deti-a-internet","category-it-bezpecnost","tag-rozhovor"],"yoast_head":"\nPsychologi\u010dka rad\u00ed, kedy die\u0165a zoznamova\u0165 s modern\u00fdmi technol\u00f3giami | ESET<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"O tom, ak\u00fa \u00falohu by mali hra\u0165 v \u017eivotoch det\u00ed a kedy je vhodn\u00e9 s nimi oboznamova\u0165 deti, sme sa 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