{"id":3499,"date":"2020-03-16T08:03:21","date_gmt":"2020-03-16T08:03:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bezpecnenanete.eset.com\/sk\/?p=3499"},"modified":"2020-03-16T08:20:48","modified_gmt":"2020-03-16T08:20:48","slug":"co-sa-stane-v-pripade-ked-proti-sebe-postavime-dve-umele-inteligencie-odpoveda-specialista-na-umelu-inteligenciu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bezpecnenanete.eset.com\/sk\/it-bezpecnost\/co-sa-stane-v-pripade-ked-proti-sebe-postavime-dve-umele-inteligencie-odpoveda-specialista-na-umelu-inteligenciu\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010co sa stane v pr\u00edpade, ke\u010f proti sebe postav\u00edme dve umel\u00e9 inteligencie? Odpoved\u00e1 \u0161pecialista zo spolo\u010dnosti ESET"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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T\u00e9ma umelej inteligencie je v posledn\u00fdch rokoch ve\u013emi popul\u00e1rna a \u010dasto vzbudzuje protichodn\u00e9 em\u00f3cie. Napriek tomu sa viac \u010di menej n\u00e1padne dost\u00e1va do produktov a be\u017en\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Mo\u017eno aj bez toho, aby o tom \u013eudia vedeli. Pre\u010d\u00edtajte si rozhovor s Jurajom J\u00e1no\u0161\u00edkom, odborn\u00edkom na umel\u00fa inteligenciu zo spolo\u010dnosti ESET, o tom, ako umel\u00e1 inteligencia ovplyv\u0148uje a v bud\u00facnosti ovplyvn\u00ed kybernetick\u00fa bezpe\u010dnos\u0165. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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V rozhovore sa dozviete<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010co sa stane v pr\u00edpade, ke\u010f proti sebe postav\u00edme dve umel\u00e9 inteligencie?
Ako vyzer\u00e1 spr\u00e1vanie \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho k\u00f3du?
Pre\u010do je potrebn\u00e9 umel\u00fa inteligenciu neust\u00e1le tr\u00e9nova\u0165? <\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

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V <\/strong>prvom rozhovore<\/strong><\/a> sme sa rozpr\u00e1vali o tom, \u010do je umel\u00e1 inteligencia, ak\u00e9 pr\u00edstupy sa v nej pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa a \u010di skuto\u010dn\u00fa umel\u00fa inteligenciu v\u00f4bec niekedy dosiahneme. Pozrime sa teraz na jej konkr\u00e9tnej\u0161iu aplik\u00e1ciu a v\u00fdznam umelej inteligencie pre kybernetick\u00fa bezpe\u010dnos\u0165.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z n\u00e1\u0161ho poh\u013eadu je to \u010fal\u0161ia mo\u017enos\u0165 ochrany. Je to \u010fal\u0161ia technol\u00f3gia, ktor\u00e1 n\u00e1m m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 zv\u00fd\u0161eni\u0165 bezpe\u010dnosti na\u0161ich pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov. Ur\u010dite to ale nie je nejak\u00fd z\u00e1zrak, \u010do by n\u00e1s v r\u00e1mci kybernetickej bezpe\u010dnosti zachr\u00e1nil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Stretli sme sa s n\u00e1zorom, \u017ee je to v princ\u00edpe len n\u00e1stroj, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017eeme pou\u017ei\u0165 na pozit\u00edvny ale aj negat\u00edvny \u00famysel. Je to tak?<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Presne tak, je to neutr\u00e1lny n\u00e1stroj. Tak isto, ako napr\u00edklad programovac\u00ed jazyk, alebo TCP komunik\u00e1cia po sieti. A\u017e re\u00e1lne vyu\u017e\u00edvanie z toho n\u00e1stroja rob\u00ed hrozbu, alebo naopak prospe\u0161n\u00fd n\u00e1stroj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"Rozhovor:<\/figure>
Rozhovor: Skuto\u010dn\u00e1 umel\u00e1 inteligencia by mala ma\u0165 aj vedomie. Sme od toho e\u0161te \u010faleko. <\/span>

\u010co tieto pojmy znamenaj\u00fa a ak\u00fd je medzi nimi rozdiel? Ako \u010faleko pokro\u010dila technol\u00f3gia zalo\u017een\u00e1 na prvkoch umelej inteligencie?\u00a0 <\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edta\u0165 viac<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Umel\u00e1 inteligencia sa teda d\u00e1 aj zneu\u017ei\u0165. Ako konkr\u00e9tne?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Presne t\u00fdm ist\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom, ak\u00fdm ju my vyu\u017e\u00edvame na dobr\u00fd \u00fa\u010del. Ot\u00e1zku m\u00f4\u017eeme polo\u017ei\u0165 aj takto: \u010do potrebuj\u00fa spravi\u0165 \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci, aby boli \u00faspe\u0161n\u00ed? Oni maj\u00fa tie\u017e k dispoz\u00edcii ve\u013ek\u00fd objem d\u00e1t a ich cie\u013eom je napadn\u00fa\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00fd po\u010det \u013eud\u00ed. A podobne ako my, aj oni sa sna\u017eia svoju pr\u00e1cu zautomatizova\u0165. Rovnak\u00e9 princ\u00edpy a koncepty strojov\u00e9ho u\u010denia a automatiz\u00e1cie tak m\u00f4\u017eu pou\u017ei\u0165 na \u0161kodliv\u00fa \u010dinnos\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Uve\u010fme nejak\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tne pr\u00edklady.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vedia si zautomatizova\u0165 \u0161irok\u00fa \u0161k\u00e1lu \u010dinnost\u00ed po\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fac vyh\u013ead\u00e1van\u00edm zranite\u013enost\u00ed \u010di vytv\u00e1ran\u00edm \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho k\u00f3du a\u017e po zmeny v \u0161kodlivom k\u00f3de, ktor\u00e9 im umo\u017enia vytvori\u0165 si imunitu vo\u010di najpou\u017e\u00edvanej\u0161\u00edmi bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdm programom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ak m\u00e1m umel\u00fa inteligenciu na strane ochrany aj na strane \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkov, m\u00f4\u017ee sa sta\u0165, \u017ee na seba narazia s protichodn\u00fdmi \u00falohami. \u010co sa stane v pr\u00edpade, ak proti sebe takto postav\u00edm dve umel\u00e9 inteligencie?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

To je zlo\u017eit\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka. Pom\u00f4\u017eem si pr\u00edkladom s umelou inteligenciou, ktor\u00e1 porazila najlep\u0161ieho hr\u00e1\u010da v hre GO. Hovorili sme o nej aj v predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom rozhovore<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Umel\u00e1 inteligencia AlphaGo v tomto z\u00e1pase spravila \u0165ah, ktor\u00fd \u0161okoval v\u0161etk\u00fdch sk\u00fasen\u00fdch hr\u00e1\u010dov. V danom momente sa tento krok zdal by\u0165 \u00faplne nev\u00fdhodn\u00fd a \u017eiadny rozumn\u00fd hr\u00e1\u010d Go by ho nikdy neurobil. Av\u0161ak, po pribli\u017ene \u010fal\u0161\u00edch piatich krokoch sa uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee to bol spr\u00e1vny postup, ktor\u00fd viedol k v\u00ed\u0165azstvu. Tento re\u0165azec krokov pritom nikto predt\u00fdm neurobil pr\u00e1ve preto, \u017ee sa na za\u010diatku jav\u00ed ako nevhodn\u00fd a iba nasleduj\u00face \u0165ahy ho robia v\u00fdhodn\u00fdm. Samotn\u00fa postupnos\u0165 krokov v\u0161ak vopred nik nesk\u00fasil a ani nepredpokladal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ponau\u010denie z tohto pr\u00edkladu sa d\u00e1 prenies\u0165 aj na detekciu \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho k\u00f3du. My tie\u017e pou\u017e\u00edvame algoritmy, z ktor\u00fdch sa niektor\u00e9 daj\u00fa interpretova\u0165 a in\u00e9 nie. Typick\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka na\u0161ich analytikov je, pre\u010do niektor\u00fd s\u00fabor na\u0161a detekcia zachyt\u00e1va? Niekedy to na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead ned\u00e1va zmysel. Ja im na to neraz \u00faprimne odpoved\u00e1m, \u017ee tie\u017e neviem. Na\u0161a neur\u00f3nov\u00e1 sie\u0165 to tak vyhodnotila a ja neviem pre\u010do. V danom momente neviem predv\u00edda\u0165 cel\u00fd re\u0165azec bud\u00facich krokov a teda neviem, ktor\u00e1 strana m\u00e1 navrch. Aj tu v\u0161ak plat\u00ed, \u017ee ak sa na nie\u010do na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead m\u00f4\u017ee zda\u0165 nev\u00fdhodn\u00e9, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 na konci d\u0148a v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 a naopak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Re\u00e1lne sa m\u00f4\u017ee sta\u0165, \u017ee napr\u00edklad neur\u00f3nov\u00e1 sie\u0165 ESETu ozna\u010d\u00ed nejak\u00fd s\u00fabor za podozriv\u00fd a ty nevie\u0161 identifikova\u0165 pre\u010do?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c1no, m\u00f4\u017ee sa to sta\u0165, a aj sa to deje. Ona sa v\u0161ak nau\u010dila, \u017ee tento typ s\u00faboru, alebo niektor\u00e9 jeho \u0161pecifik\u00e1 s\u00fa podozriv\u00e9, aj ke\u010f sa to na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead nezd\u00e1. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 v\u0161ak je, \u017ee to n\u00e1\u0161 syst\u00e9m zachytil a n\u00e1sledne sa na to m\u00f4\u017eu pozrie\u0165 na\u0161i experti. Inak by tento s\u00fabor mohol roky fungova\u0165 a my by sme si ho ani nev\u0161imli. Aj toto ilustruje, \u017ee s\u00faboj medzi ochranou a \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkmi je komplikovan\u00fd a pravdepodobne nikdy neskon\u010d\u00ed. Oni sa v\u017edy bud\u00fa sna\u017ei\u0165 n\u00e1js\u0165 slab\u00e9 miesto a vyu\u017ei\u0165 ho. A je jedno, \u010di to bude sk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 umel\u00e1 inteligencia, alebo \u010dlovek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u201eTypick\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka na\u0161ich analytikov je, pre\u010do niektor\u00fd s\u00fabor na\u0161a detekcia zachyt\u00e1va? Ja im na to neraz \u00faprimne odpoved\u00e1m, \u017ee tie\u017e neviem.” <\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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\u010co je pod\u013ea teba n\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161ia \u00faloha? Ochr\u00e1ni\u0165 zariadenie, alebo do\u0148 prenikn\u00fa\u0165?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ke\u010f m\u00e1 \u010dlovek typ \u00falohy, pri ktorej sa sna\u017e\u00ed ob\u00eds\u0165 ochranu, m\u00f4\u017ee neust\u00e1le meni\u0165 svoje sp\u00f4soby a sk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 nov\u00e9 pr\u00edstupy. Preto sme my v nev\u00fdhode, ke\u010f sa sna\u017e\u00edme z\u00e1kazn\u00edkov ochr\u00e1ni\u0165. Pom\u00f4\u017eem si slovami jedn\u00e9ho kolegu: obrana mus\u00ed br\u00e1ni\u0165 v\u0161etky cesty \u00fatokov, ktor\u00fdch m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 nespo\u010detne ve\u013ea. \u00dato\u010dn\u00edkom v\u0161ak sta\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1js\u0165 jedin\u00fa dieru v obrane, aby uspeli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pre obranu je to preto n\u00e1sobne n\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161ia \u00faloha, no d\u00e1 sa to a my na tom \u00faspe\u0161ne pracujeme u\u017e roky. Ale ak chce niekto spravi\u0165 \u00fatok, ide najm\u00e4 o to ko\u013eko snahy, \u010dasu a zdrojov do toho investuje. Strojov\u00e9 u\u010denie n\u00e1s nespas\u00ed, nie je to kone\u010dn\u00e1 technol\u00f3gia. M\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 n\u00e1m, ale samozrejme aj druhej strane.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Evidujeme n\u00e1rast pou\u017e\u00edvania umelej inteligencie na \u0161kodliv\u00fa \u010dinnos\u0165? Vieme identifikova\u0165 moment, kedy vznikol prv\u00fd \u0161kodliv\u00fd k\u00f3d s vyu\u017eit\u00edm umelej inteligencie?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na t\u00fato ot\u00e1zku odpoviem zo\u0161iroka. Doba, kedy si v\u00edrus nap\u00edsal \u0161tudent na intern\u00e1te, je u\u017e d\u00e1vno za nami. Dnes ide o profesionalizovan\u00fd a vysoko v\u00fdnosn\u00fd organizovan\u00fd zlo\u010din, alebo dokonca o priemyseln\u00fa \u010di medzi\u0161t\u00e1tnu \u0161pion\u00e1\u017e. T\u00edto \u013eudia s\u00fa ochotn\u00ed investova\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00e9 peniaze do toho, aby vedeli prenikn\u00fa\u0165 r\u00f4znymi obrann\u00fdmi technol\u00f3giami. V dne\u0161nej dobe, ktor\u00e1 je ve\u013emi r\u00fdchla, potrebuj\u00fa aj oni robi\u0165 automatiz\u00e1ciu. Tak ako strojov\u00e9 u\u010denie ovplyvnilo developerov aplik\u00e1cii, alebo bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch softv\u00e9rov, prirodzene to muselo ovplyvni\u0165 aj \u013eud\u00ed sna\u017eiacich sa zarobi\u0165 si neleg\u00e1lnou cestou. Boli by hl\u00fapi, ak by t\u00fato technol\u00f3giu nevyu\u017eili. Najm\u00e4 ke\u010f je dnes u\u017e dostupn\u00e1 a v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri nepotrebuj\u00fa hlbok\u00fa unik\u00e1tnu vedomos\u0165 v strojovom u\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak chce niekto dosiahnu\u0165, aby bol \u0161kodliv\u00fd k\u00f3d \u010do najviac odoln\u00fd vo\u010di detek\u010dn\u00fdm met\u00f3dam, potrebuje sk\u00fasi\u0165 mno\u017estvo ciest a zisti\u0165, \u010di sa v\u010faka nim dok\u00e1\u017ee vyhn\u00fa\u0165 detekcii. A toto je jasne formulovate\u013en\u00e1 \u00faloha pre automatiz\u00e1ciu. Pri dne\u0161nom roz\u0161\u00edren\u00ed strojov\u00e9ho u\u010denia sa priam pon\u00faka vyu\u017ei\u0165 niektor\u00e9 jeho met\u00f3dy pr\u00e1ve na t\u00fato \u00falohu a u\u013eah\u010di\u0165 si robotu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Vieme sa ale vyjadri\u0165 k roz\u0161\u00edrenosti vyu\u017e\u00edvania umelej inteligencie, alebo strojov\u00e9ho u\u010denia, pri tvorbe \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho k\u00f3du?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

K tomu presne smerujem. Vid\u00edme, \u017ee je tu z ich poh\u013eadu priestor na automatiz\u00e1ciu. A navy\u0161e z na\u0161ich d\u00e1t vieme s vysokou pravdepodobnos\u0165ou tvrdi\u0165, \u017ee niektor\u00e9 popul\u00e1rne a pokro\u010dil\u00e9 \u0161kodliv\u00e9 k\u00f3dy pravdepodobne pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa strojov\u00e9 u\u010denie. Na z\u00e1klade toho, ako sa tieto k\u00f3dy chovaj\u00fa usudzujeme, \u017ee sa pri ich tvorbe pou\u017eili met\u00f3dy strojov\u00e9ho u\u010denia. Nevieme s\u00edce identifikova\u0165 konkr\u00e9tnu met\u00f3du, ale vieme poveda\u0165, \u017ee na to boli pravdepodobne pou\u017eit\u00e9 met\u00f3dy strojov\u00e9ho u\u010denia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u010co si m\u00e1m predstavi\u0165 pod pojmom \u201espr\u00e1vanie \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho k\u00f3du\u201c?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Povedzme, \u017ee m\u00e1me tr\u00f3jskeho ko\u0148a, \u010do je typ \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho k\u00f3du. On \u0161tandardne komunikuje s nejak\u00fdm serverom, z ktor\u00e9ho z\u00edskava pr\u00edkazy \u010do m\u00e1 robi\u0165, kam m\u00e1 posiela\u0165 d\u00e1ta, odkia\u013e z\u00edska\u0165 aktualiz\u00e1cie, alebo \u010fal\u0161\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00fd k\u00f3d. Moment\u00e1lne jeden z najpopul\u00e1rnej\u0161\u00edch a najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161\u00edch tr\u00f3jskych kon\u00ed tohto druhu je Emotet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ten si okrem u\u017e toho \u010do sme si vymenovali na svoj server posiela aj mno\u017estvo inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o samotnom zariaden\u00ed obete. Od jazykov\u00fdch nastaven\u00ed, cez verzie syst\u00e9mu, aktu\u00e1lne be\u017eiace procesy, a\u017e po nain\u0161talovan\u00fd softv\u00e9r. Server sa n\u00e1sledne na z\u00e1klade t\u00fdchto inform\u00e1ci\u00ed rozhoduje, \u010do sa bude dia\u0165. Zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u010do pozorujeme, ke\u010f sa na\u0161i v\u00fdskumn\u00edci hraj\u00fa s nastaveniami fikt\u00edvneho zariadenia obete. \u010casto sa toti\u017e st\u00e1va, \u017ee pri nejakom nastaven\u00ed server odpovie, aby sa nedialo ni\u010d. Emotet jednoducho sed\u00ed a \u010dak\u00e1 na \u010fal\u0161ie pr\u00edkazy. Pri inom pr\u00edkaze zase o\u017eije a operuje. Z toho je zjavn\u00e9, \u017ee v\u010faka telemetrii zo zariadenia obete sa rozhoduj\u00fa, \u010do sa bude dia\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S oh\u013eadom na roz\u0161\u00edrenie tohto \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho k\u00f3du a pri rozsahu inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 zbiera, ide o pr\u00edli\u0161 n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fa \u00falohu na to, aby sa vykon\u00e1vala manu\u00e1lne. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je to \u00faloha, ktor\u00e1 sa hod\u00ed na automatiz\u00e1ciu a niektor\u00e9 techniky sa tu daj\u00fa ve\u013emi dobre vyu\u017ei\u0165. Z toho usudzujeme, \u017ee sa v tomto pr\u00edpade skuto\u010dne pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa prvky strojov\u00e9ho u\u010denia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"Strojov\u00e9<\/figure>
Strojov\u00e9 u\u010denie a umel\u00e1 inteligencia <\/span>

\u010co je to strojov\u00e9 u\u010denie, \u010do m\u00e1 spolo\u010dn\u00e9 s\u00a0umelou inteligenciou a\u00a0ako sa t\u00e1to technol\u00f3gia\u00a0vyu\u017e\u00edva v\u00a0kybernetickej bezpe\u010dnosti? <\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edta\u0165 viac<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Priamo sa to ale z k\u00f3du zisti\u0165 ned\u00e1, spr\u00e1vne?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nie, ned\u00e1. Av\u0161ak jeho spr\u00e1vanie ho usved\u010duje. Ak by to chcel niekto robi\u0165 dobre \u2013 a v tomto pr\u00edpade to asi dobre rob\u00ed, ke\u010f\u017ee ide o jeden z najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161\u00edch tr\u00f3jskych ko\u0148ov na svete \u2013 mal by vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 aj techniky automatiz\u00e1cie. Treba zd\u00f4razni\u0165, \u017ee ide o naozaj popul\u00e1rny \u0161kodliv\u00fd k\u00f3d, ktor\u00fd sa te\u0161\u00ed ob\u013eube aj na \u010diernom trhu. Kupuj\u00fa si ho in\u00ed a pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa ho na \u0161\u00edrenie svojich produktov. Emotet sa napr\u00edklad pou\u017e\u00edva na \u0161\u00edrenie k\u00f3du na kradnutie hesiel, alebo pr\u00edstupov do internet bankingu. Je to ve\u013emi popul\u00e1rny distribu\u010dn\u00fd mechanizmus. Na to, aby mal niekto \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fd distribu\u010dn\u00fd mechanizmus, potrebuje aj dobr\u00e9 slu\u017eby a spo\u013eahlivos\u0165. Pr\u00e1ve preto ver\u00edme, \u017ee autori vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa aj strojov\u00e9 u\u010denie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nevieme teda s ur\u010ditos\u0165ou poveda\u0165, kedy sa prvky umelej inteligencie za\u010dali pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 pri tvorbe \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho k\u00f3du. Vieme ale poveda\u0165, kedy sa za\u010dala pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 na odha\u013eovanie \u0161kodliv\u00fdch prakt\u00edk v kybernetickej bezpe\u010dnosti?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ku konkurencii sa vyjadri\u0165 neviem. Za ESET m\u00f4\u017eem poveda\u0165, \u017ee u\u017e od prv\u00fdch dn\u00ed od vzniku firmy rie\u0161il jeden zo zakladate\u013eov, Miroslav Trnka, pou\u017eitie pr\u00edstupov strojov\u00e9ho u\u010denia. Rozpr\u00e1vame sa o za\u010diatku dev\u00e4\u0165desiatych rokov, \u010do bolo pred takmer 30 rokmi. U\u017e vtedy sa u n\u00e1s experimentovalo so strojov\u00fdm u\u010den\u00edm. I\u0161lo najsk\u00f4r o intern\u00e9 rie\u0161enia. Do koncov\u00fdch produktov, ktor\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edvatelia dostali v tom \u010dase na disket\u00e1ch alebo CD nosi\u010doch, sa neur\u00f3nov\u00e9 siete dostali pribli\u017ene v rokoch 1997 a 1998. D\u00e1vno pred t\u00fdm, ako vznikol o\u0161ia\u013e okolo umelej inteligencie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V roku 2005 sme pri\u0161li s pokro\u010dilou heuristikou, ktor\u00e1 detekciu posunula na nov\u00fa \u00farove\u0148. Dnes sa t\u00e1to technol\u00f3gia naz\u00fdva sk\u00f4r online strojov\u00fdm u\u010den\u00edm. N\u00e1sledne prib\u00fadali \u010fal\u0161ie pr\u00edstupy ako napr\u00edklad clustering (zhlukov\u00e1 anal\u00fdza) \u010di \u010fal\u0161ie predik\u010dn\u00e9 modely, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa dnes k dispoz\u00edcii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Spomenul si pokro\u010dil\u00fa heuristiku. Vie\u0161 mi vysvetli\u0165, o \u010do ide?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jednoducho povedan\u00e9 ide o komplexnej\u0161iu a flexibilnej\u0161iu met\u00f3du, ktor\u00e1 v sebe sp\u00e1ja statick\u00e9 a dynamick\u00e9 prvky. Zoberme si fungovanie na\u0161ej pokro\u010dilej heuristiky. Predstavme si, \u017ee dostanem nejak\u00fd s\u00fabor a m\u00e1m vyhodnoti\u0165, \u010di je \u0161kodliv\u00fd. Jedna \u010das\u0165 anal\u00fdzy sa s\u00fastre\u010fuje na vlastnosti s\u00faboru, napr\u00edklad ak\u00fd je ve\u013ek\u00fd, v akom programe je nap\u00edsan\u00fd, ak\u00e9 kni\u017enice boli pou\u017eit\u00e9 pri jeho kompil\u00e1cii a tak \u010falej. Statick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza vyhodnocuje v\u0161etky dostupn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o s\u00fabore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010eal\u0161ou \u010das\u0165ou je dynamick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza, pri ktorej priamo v produkte v kontrolovanom prostred\u00ed spust\u00edme tento program a z\u00edskavame \u010fal\u0161ie inform\u00e1cie o jeho spr\u00e1van\u00ed. Vo v\u00fdsledku teda d\u00e1me dokopy mno\u017estvo inform\u00e1cii o vlastnostiach ale aj spr\u00e1van\u00ed dan\u00e9ho s\u00faboru a n\u00e1\u0161 program dok\u00e1\u017ee ur\u010di\u0165 presnej\u0161ie, \u010di ide o \u0161kodliv\u00fd alebo ne\u0161kodn\u00fd k\u00f3d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pri statick\u00fdch vlastnostiach s\u00faboru si uviedol aj pr\u00edklady. Vie\u0161 by\u0165 konkr\u00e9tny aj pri podozrivom spr\u00e1van\u00ed s\u00faboru v simulovanom prostred\u00ed? \u010co si m\u00e1m pod t\u00fdm predstavi\u0165?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Predstavme si dokument vo Worde, s ktor\u00fdm sa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u013eud\u00ed pravdepodobne stretla. Ke\u010f ho otvor\u00edme v simulovanom prostred\u00ed, vid\u00edme, \u017ee sa v \u0148om nach\u00e1dza skript, ktor\u00fd sa sna\u017e\u00ed z nezn\u00e1mej externej url adresy stiahnu\u0165 in\u00fd s\u00fabor a spusti\u0165 ho. To je ve\u013emi podozriv\u00e1 aktivita najm\u00e4, ak je cie\u013eov\u00e1 adresa mimo dom\u00e9n tvorcu aplik\u00e1cie, v tomto pr\u00edpade Microsoftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ako si spom\u00ednal, \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci neust\u00e1le sk\u00fa\u0161aj\u00fa nov\u00e9 cesty. Ako sa vo\u010di tomu br\u00e1nime?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tak ako menia strat\u00e9giu \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci, aj my pravidelne tr\u00e9nujeme na\u0161e modely strojov\u00e9ho u\u010denia a prisp\u00f4sobujeme ich nov\u00fdm strat\u00e9gi\u00e1m \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkov. Kybernetick\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 sa neust\u00e1le vyv\u00edja na oboch stran\u00e1ch barik\u00e1dy. Preto mus\u00edme reagova\u0165 pru\u017ene. Niekedy samozrejme zasiahnu na\u0161e modely a detekuj\u00fa automaticky veci, ktor\u00e9 e\u0161te nik nezachytil. Inokedy mus\u00edme na\u0161e modely nau\u010di\u0165 nov\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkov. Ak by sme to nerobili, nastala by degrad\u00e1cia na\u0161ich modelov. Ak to domysl\u00edme do d\u00f4sledku, ak by dnes niekto spravil najlep\u0161\u00ed model vytvoren\u00fd strojov\u00fdm u\u010den\u00edm na z\u00e1klade dne\u0161n\u00fdch d\u00e1t, ktor\u00fd by bol schopn\u00fd zachyti\u0165 v\u0161etko, za nieko\u013eko dn\u00ed, t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov, \u010di mesiacov by bol zastaran\u00fd. Cel\u00fd ekosyst\u00e9m sa vyv\u00edja a preto aj my mus\u00edme osta\u0165 flexibiln\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Hovoril si, \u017ee umel\u00e1 inteligencia nie je kone\u010dn\u00fdm rie\u0161en\u00edm kybernetickej bezpe\u010dnosti. M\u00f4\u017ee n\u00e1m v\u0161ak pom\u00f4c\u0165 aspo\u0148 s v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou probl\u00e9mov? Dnes sa to takto \u010dasto prezentuje.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S n\u00e1rastom popularity umelej inteligencie vzniklo v posledn\u00fdch rokoch mno\u017estvo startupov, ktor\u00fdch mantrou je pr\u00e1ve umel\u00e1 inteligencia. Z n\u00e1\u0161ho poh\u013eadu to nie je pravda, preto\u017ee ide iba o \u010fal\u0161iu vrstvu ochrany. Pripom\u00edna mi to obdobie spred desiatich rokov, kedy ve\u013ea dod\u00e1vate\u013eov bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch rie\u0161en\u00ed tvrdilo, \u017ee v\u0161etky bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my vyrie\u0161i cloud. Vyrie\u0161il ich? Nie, nevyrie\u0161il a dokonca priniesol aj nejak\u00e9 nov\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podobn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj by som preto o\u010dak\u00e1val aj pri strojovom u\u010den\u00ed. A ktovie, mo\u017eno sa u\u017e o p\u00e1r rokov objav\u00ed nejak\u00e1 \u010fal\u0161ia technol\u00f3gia, ktor\u00e1 op\u00e4\u0165 zmen\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161 poh\u013ead na bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 v online priestore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Juraj J\u00e1no\u0161\u00edk<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na Slovenskej Technologickej Univerzite v Bratislave z\u00edskal titul bakal\u00e1ra v aplikovanej informatike a titul in\u017einier v robotike. V roku 2008 nast\u00fapil do spolo\u010dnosti ESET na poz\u00edciu analytika \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho k\u00f3du. Od roku 2013 vedie t\u00edm zodpovedn\u00fd za automatick\u00fa detekciu hrozieb a umel\u00fa inteligenciu, v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je zodpovedn\u00fd za integr\u00e1ciu strojov\u00e9ho u\u010denia do detek\u010dn\u00e9ho jadra. Pravidelne predn\u00e1\u0161a na odborn\u00fdch konferenci\u00e1ch po celom svete. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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